This subgroup investigates the structure, dynamics, distribution, and evolution of galaxies and galaxy clusters, including active galaxies such as quasars. Their research also covers the search for dark matter, studies of dark energy, theoretical cosmology, and observational cosmology.

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Core research topics include solar physics, such as sunspot dynamics, energetic particles, and the sun–Earth connection; near-Earth asteroid studies: dynamics, evolution, and threat assessment; planetary atmospheres, with a particular focus on Mars and Titan; research on exoplanets in and beyond our solar system.

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Activities in this subgroup include theoretical modeling of stellar interiors and atmospheres; synthesis of light curves and spectra for various variable star types (close binaries, pulsating stars, accretion disks); observational work such as photometry, spectroscopy, orbit calculations of visual binaries, and polarimetry of Herbig Ae stars; development of CCD-based instrumentation, automated data acquisition and storage systems, and algorithms for digital stellar spectral classification.